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Recognize the properties of each of the 20 amino acids, their three letter abbreviations, and how they are linked by peptide bonds. Chemical nature of amino acids?
Protein Synthesis Flow of Information: DNA RNA Proteins Transcription Translation Transcription is the process by which a molecule of DNA is copied into a complementary strand of RNA.
Primary and Secondary Structure. Tertiary and Quaternary Structure. Protein Hydrolysis and Denaturation.
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Structure stabilization: eg. for improvement of the hormone-receptor interaction (increased selectivity); Leu-enkephaline: H-Tyr-Gly-Gly-Phe-Leu-OH Cyclic derivative: H-Tyr-Dab-Pro-Phe-Leu Dab = a,g-diaminobutiric acid; gNH2-CH2-CH2-CH2-COOH aNH2 4.
Removal of an H2O molecule covalently bonds the monomers. Hydrolysis: Breaking down of polymers into smaller subunits using water. The H bonding to one monomer and the OH bonding to the other. Both processes use enzymes!
Step 1 is formation of an aminoacyl adenylate, which remains bound to the active site. In the second step the aminoacyl group is transferred to the tRNA. The mechanism of this step is somewhat different for the two classes of aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases (see Table 27–7).
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